Water safety
When it comes to water safety, we all know the basics — things like always supervising children in the bath. But when it comes to legionella and Legionnaires' disease, many of us aren't sure how to keep the water in our homes safe. Here's what you need to know, and the simple steps you can take to protect yourself and your family.
What is it? Legionnaires' disease is a serious form of pneumonia caused by Legionella bacteria.
How common is it? It's quite rare, with around 400–500 cases reported in the UK each year.
Who is most at risk? Anyone can catch it, but it's more common in people over 55. If you have a weakened immune system, an underlying health condition, or if you smoke or drink heavily, you may be at greater risk.
When does the bacteria grow? Legionella won't multiply below 20°C and can't survive above 60°C. Stagnant water stored between 20°C and 45°C creates the ideal breeding ground.
The good news? Reducing the risk is straightforward. By using your water regularly and following the guidance below, you can help keep your home safe.
How do people get it?
You can catch Legionnaires' disease by breathing in tiny droplets of water that contain the bacteria — for example, spray from showers or taps.
It's important to know that it isn't spread from person to person, and you can't get it from drinking water.
How to make your water safe
Three simple steps you can take to reduce the risk in your home.
Use the water regularly
Legionella bacteria thrive in water that's been left standing. Keeping things flowing is one of the easiest ways to stay safe.
- Run all your taps regularly — this pulls fresh water through the system and prevents stagnation.
- Flush unused outlets weekly — if you have taps or showers you don't use often, run them for a couple of minutes once a week to clear any standing water.
Keep your shower heads clean
Legionella bacteria love limescale. It acts as a food source and can even shield the bacteria from cleaning products.
- Descale every three months — remove your shower head and hose and soak them in a descaling solution or white vinegar.
- This dissolves limescale build-up and helps prevent bacteria from growing inside your shower.
Report any water issues to us
Good maintenance plays a big part in keeping you safe — and we're here to help.
- Hot water not hot enough? Cold water not cold enough? Let us know — there may be an issue with your water system.
- We'll carry out any necessary repairs and make sure everything is working correctly to reduce the risk of bacteria growing in your system.
For more detailed information, visit hse.gov.uk/legionnaires.